PENA TEKNIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik
PENA TEKNIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Teknik (Scientific Journal of Engineering Sciences) is an open-access journal published by the Faculty of Engineering, Andi Djemma University (Unanda), Palopo, Indonesia. Since its first publication in March 2016, the journal has been committed to providing unrestricted access to high-quality scientific research across a broad spectrum of disciplines, including civil engineering and its related branches, architecture, and urban and regional planning. It serves as a platform for academics, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to exchange ideas and disseminate findings that contribute to the development of engineering and planning knowledge in both local and global contexts.The journal’s detailed focus and scope can be found here. Published biannually, in March and September, PENA TEKNIK features a diverse collection of original research articles, applied studies, and contemporary essays that contribute to the advancement of knowledge and practice in engineering and planning scholarship. All manuscripts submitted to PENA TEKNIK are subject to a rigorous double-blind peer-review process, ensuring the integrity, accuracy, and academic quality of the published works. The Editorial Board holds the final authority over acceptance or rejection decisions, based on recommendations from qualified reviewers. Prospective authors are strongly encouraged to read and adhere to the journal’s Author Guidelines prior to submission. Manuscripts that do not comply with the prescribed format or deviate from the official article template will be returned or rejected before entering the review stage. The editorial team will only process manuscripts that fully conform to the established formatting and submission requirements. p-ISSN : 2502-8952 | e-ISSN : 2623-2197 Publisher : Engineering Faculty, Universitas Andi Djemma
Faculty of Engineering, Andi Djemma University
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Analysis of Variation in the Number of Layers in the Hardfacing Process of ASTM A216 WCB Material on Hardness, Wear, and Microstructure
The selection of transportation fleets plays a crucial role in determining the cost efficiency of logistics operations. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of investing in company-owned vehicles compared to using third-party rental services on the Bandung–KTSH route operated by PT X. Using a quantitative approach with a causal associative design, this research applies the Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) method supported by investment feasibility analysis tools including Cash Flow, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP). The analysis shows that the average daily operational cost of company-owned vehicles reaches IDR 1.904.479, which is higher than the rental cost of IDR 1.865.385 per day. Additionally, the results show a negative NPV (-IDR 344.739.419), negative IRR (–11%), and an unattainable payback period within the 5-year investment horizon. Therefore, it is concluded that using leased vehicles is more cost-efficient than investing in company-owned trucks for this specific route
Copyright (c) 2025 Alvalo Toto Wibowo, Mochammad Karim Al Amin, Mohammad Thoriq Wahyudi, Hendri Budi Kurniyanto, Moh. Syaiful Amri, Moch. Aria Firmansyah, Rikky Leonard, Alvido Toto Wijaya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Workplace Accident Risk Using The Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Determining Control (HIRADC) Method in PMKS Pt. Sisirau
Work accidents are one of the serious problems that have a direct impact on worker safety and company productivity. This study was conducted at PMKS PT. Sisirau located in Aceh Tamiang. This research aims to explore potential sources of danger, evaluate the degree of associated threats, and formulate strategic preventive measures through the structured framework of Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Control Determination (HIRADC) method. The focus of this study was on three work stations, namely loading ramp, boiling (sterilizer station), and tipler. The data used were in the form of work accident reports from January 2021 to February 2025, as well as the results of observations and interviews in the field. The results of the study showed that there were a total of 18 work activities identified as hazardous, consisting of 8 activities at the loading ramp station, 5 activities at the boiling station (sterilizer), and 5 activities at the tipler station. The results of the risk assessment showed that at the loading ramp station there were 5 activities with One activity presented moderate risk; three others showed low-risk potential. At the boiling station (sterilizer) there were 4 activities with a moderate risk and 1 activity with a low risk. Meanwhile, at the tipler station, among the evaluated activities, one was determined to involve a significant risk factor, whereas two others presented comparatively lower levels of risk, and 2 activities with low risk. Recommended risk control includes 7 activities with engineering control, 9 activities with administrative control, and 10 activities with mandatory Application of individual safety gear.
Copyright (c) 2025 Latifa Ummarah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Selection of Primary Land Transportation Fleet Using Vehicle Operational Cost (VOC) Method in Logistics Companies
The selection of transportation fleets plays a crucial role in determining the cost efficiency of logistics operations. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of investing in company-owned vehicles compared to using third-party rental services on the Bandung–KTSH route operated by the Bandung Branch Office of PT Pos Logistik Indonesia. Using a quantitative approach with a causal associative design, this research applies the Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC) method supported by investment feasibility analysis tools including Cash Flow, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP). The analysis shows that the average daily operational cost of company-owned vehicles reaches IDR 1.904.479, which is higher than the rental cost of IDR 1.865.385 per day. Additionally, the results show a negative NPV (–IDR 150,550,343), negative IRR (–35.1%), and an unattainable payback period within the 5-year investment horizon. Therefore, it is concluded that using leased vehicles is more cost-efficient than investing in company-owned trucks for this specific route.
Copyright (c) 2025 Dicky Candra Ardiansyah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transit-Oriented Development in Emerging Cities: A Case Study of Railway Station Areas in Bandung, Indonesia
Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) is an urban concept that reduces dependence on private vehicles and promotes sustainable mobility. As one of Indonesia's metropolitan cities with a railway serving Bandung and its surrounding areas, Bandung can potentially adopt the TOD concept to address transportation and spatial planning issues. Therefore, this study takes three urban railway station areas as research objects, conducts a detailed evaluation of the comprehensive benefits of land use around these stations, and provides relevant recommendations. This study classifies urban railway transportation stations based on land use functions and establishes a three-tier comprehensive benefit evaluation index system across four dimensions: land use, population and building density, public transportation, and design. The research findings indicate that the Cikudapateuh stations meet five (5) basic TOD criteria, such as adequate pedestrian lane, mixed-use development, operational public transport service, public transport integration, and building coverage ratio (BCR). These findings indicate that TOD-based development in Cikudapateuh should be prioritized over the other two stations because it better meets the TOD criteria. The policy implications of this study recommend the need for synergy between spatial planning, strengthening transit infrastructure, and stakeholder participation to optimize TOD implementation, thereby achieving sustainable mobility in the future.
Copyright (c) 2025 Isro Saputra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Distribution Truck Route Optimisation at UDMB Using The Clarke and Wright Savings and Cluster First Route Second
UDMB is a distributor company of frozen food products in East Kalimantan and North Kalimantan. Time and distance are the biggest obstacles felt by companies in the distribution process. It is because the product must be at a minimum temperature of -18o Celsius so that the product remains in good condition. Meanwhile, the cooling machine on a distribution truck can only maximize working temperature for 6 hours. These travel time and distance problems have occurred more than 12 times a year in out-of-town distribution. Therefore, this research aims to produce an optimal distribution routes with consideration of the fastest time and shortest distance. This problem is solved using the Clarke and Wright Savings Method with the Head and Tail concept and the Cluster First Route Second Method with Sweep Algorithm and Nearest Neighbor. Then, the total distribution time and distance between the results of the two methods are compared. Based on the first results, the total trucks used are 3 units with a total distribution time of 847 minutes and a total distribution distance of 475.8 km. Based on the second results, the total trucks used are 3 units with a total distribution time of 875 minutes and a total distribution distance of 483.8 km. This shows that the Clarke and Wright Savings Method with the Head and Tail concept is the method that produces the most optimal route with the fastest total distribution time and shortest total distribution distance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fayza Maulidina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Density Influence on Acoustic Performance of Waste Composite Materials
This study aimed to determine the effect of material density on the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of composite materials made from rice husk, rice straw, and sawdust. Rice husk, rice straw, and sawdust were made into composite materials with volume fraction variations of 30:70, 25:75, and 20:80 with a thickness of 25 mm. The samples were tested in the 200–1600 Hz frequency range using two microphones and a type 4206 impedance tube in accordance with ASTM E1050 standards. The test findings showed that the composite material made of rice straw had the best SAC at 1600 Hz with an ? value of 0.72 and a volume fraction variation of 30:70, probably because it was less dense than the other materials. The maximum SAC values for the 30:70 volume fraction variation were 0.72 for the rice straw composite material at 1600 Hz, 0.42 for the rice husk composite material at the same frequency, and 0.13 for the sawdust material at 1000 I Hz. The discussion leads one to believe that the SAC is heavily influenced by the bulk density of the forming fiber material and the density that is generated by the fluctuation in volume fraction of a composite material.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ariawan Bayu Wicaksono, Muh. Abdillah Muh. Abdillah, Ishak Ishak, Nurhidayanti Nurhidayanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Sustainability Strategy for Makassar City Central Waste Bank
Waste banks solve the waste problem by involving the community in waste sorting and processing, which contributes to improving the local economy. This research aims to explore the implementation of the performance of waste banks from economic, social, and environmental aspects, as well as the sustainability strategy of waste banks in Makassar City. This research uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that waste banks in Makassar City have fulfilled two pillars of sustainability: economic and environmental. This is evident from the increased income of the community, especially the low-income ones, and the effectiveness of waste management that supports waste reduction. However, these waste banks still face social challenges, mainly related to the community's low participation and the manager's non-optimal role. To improve sustainability, this study proposes several strategies, such as increasing community participation through socialisation and social media to educate the importance of waste management, affirming waste sorting regulations, strengthening the role of waste bank managers, and improving facilities and infrastructure that support waste bank operations. Implementing these strategies is expected to ensure that waste banks in Makassar City operate sustainably.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azizah Putri Abdi, Rasdiana Rasdiana, Yan Radhinal, Tri Wahyuningsih, Andi Idham Asman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Experimental Laser Cutting Material Removal Rate for Polymethylmethacrylate in Construction Applications
This research aims to optimize the laser cutting process on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to improve efficiency and quality in construction applications. By exploring the influence of variations in laser current, cutting speed, and material thickness, this study sought to identify the optimal parameters that resulted in the highest material removal rate (MRR) with minimal overcut. Through a series of experiments testing various parameter combinations, the study found that a cutting speed of 40 mm/s, laser current of 80 A, and material thickness of 3 mm yielded the best cutting performance. The results show that optimization of laser cutting parameters can significantly improve the precision, energy efficiency, and quality of PMMA cutting results. The implications of these findings are significant for the development of more efficient and sustainable laser cutting techniques, supporting the use of PMMA in various innovative construction applications such as facades, decorative elements, and architectural prototypes. This research contributes to the understanding of PMMA laser cutting process optimization, with the potential to expand the application of this material in the construction industry through more efficient and quality fabrication methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Pre-Design and Environmental Impact Analysis of Methanol Plant from Natural Gas with Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor
In Indonesia, the demand for methanol reaches 1.1 million tons per year, with the majority being fulfilled through imports. The formaldehyde industry is the primary consumer, using 80% of the total methanol consumption. Increasing domestic methanol production has become crucial due to dependency on imports and the presence of only one producer with a capacity of 660,000 tons per year. The preliminary design of a low-emission methanol plant is a first step toward a more environmentally friendly methanol industry in Indonesia, aiming to reduce carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Methanol production at this plant results in the lowest possible carbon emissions, using raw materials such as methane gas, purified water, and helium. The methane gas is sourced from pure liquified natural gas (LNG) from PT Badak NGL, which has been purified from CO2 and H2S under operating conditions of -162°C and 1 bar pressure. Meanwhile, the purified water is obtained through seawater desalination processes. The reaction between methane and purified water occurs in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at 1 bar pressure, with helium as the inert gas. The plant's production capacity reaches 500,000 tons per year, with a purity level of 99.95% and zero greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve profitability comparable to conventional methanol, a minimum methanol selling price of $970/ton is required. When the carbon credit price is $1200/tCO2, the methanol produced by this plant will be more profitable for investors compared to conventional methanol production or methanol production using carbon capture and utilization technology.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jansen Briano, Kornelius Sophiano Tanuwidjaja, Yosia Gabriel Kurniawan, Meyland Meyland, Samuel Pangeran Aletheia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Deformation Resistance of Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixtures With Fiber Mesh Added Materials
One of the factors causing road damage is excessive traffic load (overloading). Excessive traffic loads result in the deformation of the asphalt surface layer. Deformation is an important damage to road pavement conditions because it affects the quality of traffic comfort. Stone Mastic Asphalt is a type of hot asphalt mixture that is able to withstand heavy vehicle loads. Stone Mastic Asphalt contains high levels of asphalt, so it requires additional materials (additives) that can stabilize and provide strength, namely fiber. Synthetic fibers can be produced cheaply in large quantities, one of which is fiber mesh. The aim of the research is to analyze the effect of fiber mesh as an additional material on the deformation resistance of the stone-mastic asphalt mixture. This research is experimental in the laboratory by making samples in the form of a mixture of SMA with fiber mesh as an additive (fiber). The fiber mesh used in this research is fiber mesh with a content of 0.3% of the total weight of the mixture and a length of 0.36 cm. The mixture was tested using wheel tracking equipment to determine the effect of fiber mesh on the deformation value that occurred. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the comparison of deformation without and using fiber mesh shows that deformation changes are increasingly reduced in the presence of fiber mesh. This shows better deformation resistance than without using fiber mesh.
Copyright (c) 2025 Bulgis Bulgis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Model for Determining Sustainable Food Agricultural Land through a Spatial Optimization Approach in Bantul Regency
Land use is a characteristic of the arrangements, activities, and contributions made by humans to either effect changes or maintain a certain type of land cover (Gregorio and Jansen, 1998). Agricultural land is a crucial resource for sustainability and food security. In an effort to control and anticipate the conversion of agricultural land, the Bantul Regency Government has issued Regional Regulation No. 10 of 2023 on the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land, with a total area of 12,831 hectares. However, the area designated for protection according to the 2021 study recommendations is 14,407.50 hectares. This represents a reduction of 1,576 hectares due to agricultural land in Sewon and Kasihan Districts being planned for non-agricultural use. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the modeling of sustainable food agricultural land designation in Bantul Regency, using a linear programming optimization approach with the aid of Microsoft Excel Solver. The linear programming model, with the objective function to minimize the area designated in the regional regulation, determined the need for 11,356.52 hectares of agricultural land to maintain food security in Bantul Regency over a period of 20 years.
Sustainable Food Agricultural Land Protection (LP2B)
Copyright (c) 2024 Budiyanto Budiyanto, Cahyono Susetyo, Muhammad Daffa Musyary
Contribution of Economic Development to The Development of The Mamminasata Region
Mamminasata (Makassar, Maros, Gowa, Takalar) is one of the urban or metropolitan areas in Eastern Indonesia. Mamminasata as a strategic area with economic interests has an important role in the development of its city and surrounding areas. Meanwhile, the dynamic development of the city causes demands for space needs to increase, especially the need for residential land. The objectives of this study are to 1) know economic development in the Mamminasata district/city in 2001-2021 2) know the development of built-up land in the Mamminasata district/city in 2001-2021 and 3) know the influence and contribution of economic growth to the development of the Mamminasata region. The research location is Makassar City, Maros Regency, Gowa Regency and Takalar Regency. This type of research is descriptive quantitative qualitative. The required data is collected through literature studies in the form of secondary data, namely Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices 2010, and google earth images 2001-2021. The analysis used in the research is literature study analysis, qualitative quantitative descriptive, basic statistics, LQ-DLQ, Shift Share, and multiple linear regression analysis. The result of this study is that during 2001-2021 the real income of the Mamminasata Region continued to increase. With the highest growth rate in Gowa Regency. Makassar City only has one leading sector, Maros Regency has two leading sectors, Gowa Regency has three leading sectors, and Takalar Regency has two leading sectors. Only Kabupaten Maros experienced a shift in economic structure from the tertiary sector to the primary sector in 2021 due to a significant economic decline. Spatially, sub-districts that are adjacent or directly adjacent to Makassar City have the most significant built-up land growth with developments following the main road network pattern. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, it shows that there is no significant influence between the independent variables on the dependent variable either jointly or partially individually. Then the t-test was conducted again between tertiary variables and built-up land and showed a significant influence with a contribution of 33% to built-up land.
Identification of MSMEs' Decision in Using Digital Payment as Part of the Smart City Concept Implementation in Lhokseumawe City
Pada era saat ini yang sudah serba digital banyak masyarakat yang menggunakan berbagai produk digital payment, Digital payment memudahkan masyarakat, khususnya pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM), dalam melakukan transaksi yang lebih cepat, aman, dan efisien. Hal ini menjadi sangat relevan dalam upaya pengembangan konsep smart city yang mengedepankan penggunaan teknologi untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat di perkotaan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui jenis digital payment yang paling diminati dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keputusan UMKM di kota Lhokseumawe dalam menggunakan digital payment sebagai media transaksi non tunai. Penelitian ini menggunakan quisioner dalam pengambilan data. Sampel penelitian ini adalah UMKM di kota lhokseumawe yang menggunakan digital payment sebagai metode pemabayaran sebanyak 100 sampel dapat diolah dengan menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian ini yaitu dari 100 UMKM yang menjadi responden yang menggunakan digital payment di kota lhokseumawe, jenis digital payment yang paling diminati adalah BSI Mobile (44%), QRIS (38%), DANA (14%) dan Shopepay (4%). Faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan UMKM dalam menggunakan digital payment dikota lhokseumawe diantaranya persepsi pengaruh sosial, persepsi kemudahan dan persepsi resiko.
Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS)
Copyright (c) 2024 Sri Meutia, Diana Khairani Sofyan, Tresnawan Maulana
Risk Management Analysis Based on ISO 31000:2018 at Andi Djemma Masamba Airport, Luwu Regency
The density of activities that take place around the operating facilities at Andi Djemma Masamba Airport so that the Management of the Andi Jemma Airport Operator Unit (UPBU) Office has launched the development of Andi Djemma Masamba Airport as an aviation company so that it continues to carry out various facility improvements, especially in risk prevention with potential activities with high losses, therefore it is necessary to conduct research to find out how to map, risk assessment and design a risk control and mitigation system at the Operations facility at Andi Djemma Masamba Airport caused by activities that have the potential to cause risk. The stages of the risk management process refer to ISO 31000: 2018 including risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation. Expected impact and likelihood of occurrence are mapped through the risk matrix from the Federation Aviation Administration (FAA). The results showed that at the andi djemma masamba airport there were 6 events that fell into the red category, namely Aircraft accidents during take off/landing, Aircraft accidents in the apron area, Escape of dangerous goods into the aircraft, Fuel Spills on the Apron/Taxiway, Lack of building maintenance, The security inspection process is less than optimal.
Preference for Public Transportation Service Levels in Makassar City Towards Female Passenger Satisfaction
Basic services are government affairs that are mandatory and entitled to be obtained by every citizen, one of which is public transportation services. Although it has been regulated by Minimum Service Standards (SPM), the quality of public transportation services in Makassar City is still low and has not met expectations and satisfaction, especially for female passengers. The purpose of this study was to determine the satisfaction of female passengers with the quality of public transportation services in Makassar City. The respondents of this study were 96 female passengers of public transportation in Makassar City. This research is descriptive qualitative study that refers to the Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 29 of 2015. This regulation outlines criteria such as security, safety, comfort, affordability, equality, and regularity for assessing the quality of public transportation services in Makassar City. The data analysis technique in this study uses descriptive analysis employing the Community Satisfaction Indicator (SMI) analysis method. Based on the results of calculations using the public satisfaction index method, it is known that the total number of service elements has a score of 43.86. Although this indicates that the overall quality of service is quite good, it is considered that women are not satisfied with the service provided. The relationship between the level of satisfaction with the quality of service affects women's preferences in choosing the mode they want to use.
Copyright (c) 2024 Annisya Alifvia Soehartono
Integrated Planning of Thematic Green Open Spaces with Goals of Urban Detailed Spatial Planning
This research aims to generate the theme of urban parks by developing urban areas towards livable cities. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods are operated to identify the availability of urban parks, discover the characteristics of urban development areas, and arrange the theme of a park. Eight themes could be adopted: history and culture, entertainment, hobbies, health, conservation, hazard mitigation, branding, and education. The objective of urban development areas, structure plan, land use, and specific characteristics of an area are considered when selecting the theme of the urban parks. As a primer area in development, WP I has more variety in urban park themes than the others.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fran Sinatra, Adsari Monalisa, Muhammad Irfan Affandi, Abdul Mubdi Bindar
Gamification: Strategy to Pull the Intention of DKI Jakarta Residents (Choice User) to Use Public Transportation
The higher practice of private car use in DKI Jakarta amid the implementation of the TDM strategy that continues to be developed leads to increased traffic congestion, which in turn causes economic losses, deteriorated air quality, and an increase in acute respiratory tract infection cases. Innovation is needed in the pull strategy of DKI Jakarta residents to suppress this behavior, especially those who have (access to) private vehicles to switch to public transportation. This study tries to analyze the effect of gamification on the behavioral intentions of DKI Jakarta residents (choice users) to use public transit for their daily activities (school/college/work). Modifications to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) were carried out to investigate the influence of gamification through attitudes and behavioral control on behavioral intentions to use public transportation. The theory was tested using questionnaire data from 200 respondents with SEM-PLS analysis. The elements of points, levels, rewards, and games are used as indicators of gamification. This study shows that gamification positively and significantly affects attitudes and behavioral control. The study findings confirm the significant positive influence of attitudes on behavioral intentions to use public transportation. The results of this research can also be used as material for consideration in pull strategy (TDM) policy innovation in DKI Jakarta.
Multi-Criteria Analysis of Selection Waste Management Development Strategy for Lubuk Binjai Landfill in Lubuk Linggau City
Environmental sustainability is an urgent priority in dealing with waste management problems in Indonesian cities, one of which is Lubuk Linggau City. In the 2012-2032 Lubuk Linggau City RTRW, waste management standards have been set using the Controlled Landfill or Sanitary Landfill method, but in reality the Lubuk Binjai landfillstill adopts the Open Dumping method. This waste management not in accordance with environmentally sound waste management methods, so it is necessary to develop a waste management strategy for the Binjai Landfill. This research aims to identify priority strategies that can be applied in developing landfill waste management in Lubuk Linggau City using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with key informants who were managers of the Lubuk Binjai waste disposal site. Determination of criteria and sub-criteria based on previous literature studies and determination of alternative strategies based on the Lubuk Linggau City RTRW for 2021-2032. From the results of the analysis, it shows that the prioritized strategy is the Strategy for Improving Waste Management Methods & Technology, with alternatives such as recycling processing, compost, and more sophisticated waste management technology such as controlled burning or anaerobic management. This is appropriate and crucial in overcoming problems at the Lubuk Binjai waste disposal site, that the Open Dumping method is still applied. It is hoped that the implementation of this strategy can bring positive and sustainable changes in waste management in Lubuk Linggau City.
Copyright (c) 2024 Fadiah Izzah Ajrina, Verlina Agustine
Bayesian Intelligent Tutoring System for Vocational High Schools
The absence of individualized tutorials during regular school hours has resulted in a suboptimal learning method at Vocational High Schools(SMK), limiting students' ability to reach their optimum competency. Several Computerized self-study systems have been created as potential solutions to these challenges. Regrettably, a notable drawback of the system lies in its failure to address students' diverse range of abilities adequately. This study presents a proposed model for an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) utilizing the Bayesian Network (BN) at Vocational High Schools. The model aims to assess students' proficiency levels and deliver skill-based instructional materials tailored to individual students' abilities. This type of research is called research and development (R&D), to develop and know the validity of a product. The system under development will undergo trials within the Computer and Network Engineering (TKJ) program at SMK Negeri 4 Gowa. These trials will employ a quasi-experimental approach, explicitly utilizing a one-group pretest-posttest design.The findings indicated that there were notable disparities in the learning outcomes of students following the implementation of the proposed ITS. To put it otherwise, the proposed ITS has improved students' proficiency in Vocational High Schools. The evaluation outcomes suggest that the BN model had a significant level of accuracy, reaching 84%.
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Ikhwan Burhan, Arsan Kumala Jaya, Luthon Adira
Assessing the Performance of Off-Grid Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants in Supporting Aquaponics Systems
In an aquaponics system, the electricity produced by photovoltaic solar power (PLTS) is stored in batteries and used to power the water pumps. Using natural microorganisms to transform fish waste into plant nutrients, aquaponics is a cultivation method that blends fish and plant cultivation. The aquaponics system helps reduce the amount of trash released into the environment and is beneficial to the environment. The main goal of this study is to evaluate an off-grid PLTS system's functionality as a DC water pump power source in an aquaponics setting. This study's goal is to evaluate how well the PLTS operates when powering the DC water pump that circulates water in the aquaponics system.According to performance tests, the off-grid PLTS generates an average energy of 503.8 Wh, which is enough to power the DC pump for 20 hours a day of water circulation. The water pump uses only 382.6 Wh of electricity each day. With an average solar panel efficiency of 4.97%, an average solar charge controller (SCC) efficiency of 60.51%, and an average pump efficiency of 79.91%, the Off-grid PLTS demonstrates efficiency. With a daily solar irradiation of 7.8 kWh/m2, the average energy loss in the solar panel is 5.29 kWh/kWp, whereas the average energy loss in the system is 0.10 kWh/kWp. All things considered, these results provide insight into how well the Off-grid PLTS functions as a power source for the DC water pump in an aquaponics system.
Copyright (c) 2024 Siti Diah Ayu Febriani
Flood Disaster Risk Reduction Strategies in Urban Area, Bulukumba Regency
Flood is a disaster that often occurs in big cities in Indonesia, caused by the high density of buildings and the unpreparedness of infrastructure to adapt. Urban Areas of Bulukumba Regency (UABR) is one of the centers of urban areas that has experienced flooding in recent years. The urban area ofBulukumba Regency is a downstream area of the Bialo Watershed whose upstream area is also in the Bantaeng Regency area. Rapid urban development has resulted in a change in land cover to become built-up land so that catchment areas are narrower in the middle and downstream zones, as well as changes in vegetation in the upstream zone which has received land conversion from forest areas to plantation areas. In addition to the potential for flooding due to river flow, the urban area of Bulukumba also has the potential for flooding due to sea tides or tidal floods. The high level of hazard flood potential has not been followed up with sustainable flood management based on disaster risk reduction in the UABR. Based on this, it is necessary to study the level of risk of flooding in the Urban Area of Bulukumba Regency and an appropriate strategy to reduce the risk of flooding in the Urban Area ofBulukumba. The aim of this research is; (1) identify the level of risk of flooding in the UABR; and (2) formulate an appropriate strategy as an effort to reduce the risk of flood disaster in the UABR. The research approach used is the mixed method, with the analytical method used for data processing in the form of risk analysis, spatial analysis namely overlay analysis using GIS software and qualitative descriptive in formulating strategies. The results of this study are a map of the level of flood disaster risk and recommendations for flood risk reduction strategies in the UABR.
Copyright (c) 2023 Andi Idham Asman, Harry Hardian Sakti
Mapping Socio-Economic Vulnerability to Rob Flood Hazards in Coastal Cities, North Pekalongan District, Pekalongan City
Climate change brings danger to several areas, especially in coastal urban areas. One of them is the tidal flood which experienced inundation. Tidal floods pose a serious threat to the sustainability of social life and economic growth. Assessment of social and economic vulnerabilities is needed to overcome the risk of disaster hazards due to climate change in the form of coastal tidal floods in cities. This research is expected to be able to describe socio-economic vulnerability through the variables of population density, age, gender, occupation, and level of education to tidal floods that have occurred in 42% of the area. The research method used is quantitative analysis, scoring, and geographic information system modeling with village analysis units. The results showed that Panjang Baru Village was the most vulnerable area because of the high density and low-income levels of the people, most of whom were fishermen and farmers households. It also indicates the contribution of population density, level of education, and employment to the level of vulnerability. This study states that the socio-economic aspect is an important factor that must be considered for the sustainability of life and community adaptation to the threat of climate change, especially tidal floods.
Copyright (c) 2023 Denis Said Mukhtar, Ahmad Zuhdi
Comparative Study of Performance between International Roughness Index (IRI), Pavement Condition Index (PCI), and Bina Marga Method on Roadways
In this research, a comparative study is conducted between the International Roughness Index (IRI), Pavement Condition Index (PCI), and Bina Marga method on roadways with a flexible pavement structure. The objective is to compare the results of road damage evaluation using these three methods and formulate appropriate treatment programs. The research findings indicate that overall, the IRI method provides an overview of the road surface roughness level. The majority of the analyzed data falls under the "Moderate" category with a value of 7.2. The PCI method measures the physical condition of the road infrastructure, which is categorized as "Fair" with a value of 41.2. On the other hand, the Bina Marga method assesses the type of road maintenance, which is categorized as "Routine Maintenance" with a value of 6.8. Enhancing road maintenance practices is necessary to address minor damages such as small cracks or surface irregularities that affect road user comfort.
Copyright (c) 2023 St Maryam H, Bulgis Bulgis, Rustam Madami
The Effect of Changes in Land Cover and Vegetation Density on Urban Heat Island in Semarang City
The urbanization process can be seen not only as influenced by increasing population growth but also the phenomenon of urbanization. The city of Semarang from 1999 to 2019 saw an increase of half a million people with a total population of around 1.81 million people. Along with population growth that occurs, land conversion to meet the needs of life often clashes with the presence of vegetated land. As a result, the area ofvegetated land slowly decreases. On the other hand, the massive build-up of this area makes it easier to reflect and absorb solar heat. As a result, the average surface temperature of the city gradually rises which causes the formation of hot spots that cause changes in climate and weather elements, thus triggering the formation of an Urban Heat Island (UHI). The increase in temperature in urban areas affects not only the comfort of cities but also the health of urban communities, which will impact various city line activities. This urban heat island study, related to changes in land use in Semarang, is urgently needed to make wiser spatial planning decisions. In line with the problems above, this study is aimed at analyzing the effect of changes in land cover and vegetation density on the area of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Semarang City. The approach used is forecasting with multiple regression analysis methods. Sources of data used are secondary data and population data. The data used is time series data. Based on the statistical analysis results indicate that the variables of land cover and vegetation density have a significant influence on the distribution of surface temperature. The land cover component has a positive effect while the vegetation density component harms the surface temperature distribution area. The appearance of the trendline results in an increasing area of surface temperature distribution in 2030 with 3 scenarios, namely, pessimistic, moderate, and optimistic. The preparation of a planning scenario in which an optimistic scenario can be adopted by the government so that the area of high urban surface temperatures does not expand and have an impact on the level of community vulnerability to extreme weather.
Copyright (c) 2023 Susiyowati Indah Ayuni, Arief Adhika Widyatama, Nanda Mutiara Zani
Experimental Study of Precast Beam Joints Using Steel Plates in Beam-Column Joints Due to Cyclic Loading
In seismic design, reinforced concrete structures must perform well under heavy load conditions. To withstand large lateral loads without severe damage, structures require strength and energy dissipation capacity. It is generally not economical to design reinforced concrete structures to the greatest possible ground motions without damage. Therefore, the need for ductility must be weighed against economic constraints. This research is focused on dry joints where the joints are on beams in the plastic hinge area and modeled using steel plates, this modeling will be compared with the hysteresis and ductility curves in three types of specimens namely BU-1 without using plate joints, BU-2 using plate joints measuring 300mm x 400mm, BU-3 plate joints measuring 200mm x 400mm, with the same thickness and quality, namely 8mm thick and Fu 370 MPa. To strengthen the use of the plate connection, A325 bolts with a diameter of 12 mm and Fu 620 MPa are used. The results show that the pinching effect is found in the hysteresis curve of the BU-2 and BU-3 specimens. Meanwhile, for the ductility test at peak load, namely the seventh ductility for BU-1, the value is still better than BU-2 and BU-3. These results can still be improved with several variations of plate thickness, for this reason, further studies are recommended to develop and increase recommendations for several variations of plate joints, because precast joints, especially dry joints, are still the focus of research, especially in Indonesia.
Identification of Fire Disaster Vulnerability in Karang Rejo Sub-District, Balikpapan Central District
At least 617 cases of fire disasters were recorded in Balikpapan City from 2010 to 2020. In response, fire disaster mitigation is still a problem, especially in dense residential areas and unclean environments. One of the sub-districts with the characteristics of dense settlements and a history of fire incidents is Karang Rejo Village. This condition can be an obstacle in disaster mitigation. Therefore, it is necessary to identify appropriate mitigation efforts for this sub-district. Vulnerability assessment can be an essential first step to reducing the impact and losses of a fire disaster. The purpose of this study is to formulate fire disaster mitigation based on the level of vulnerability in Karang Rejo Village, Central Balikpapan District, using the spatial multi-criteria analysis method. The research results obtained are structural fire disaster mitigation at low, medium, and high vulnerability by mitigating aspects of building density, percentage of built-up areas, building materials, the width of access roads, availability of water reservoirs, availability of vacant land, the portion of households working in the informal sector, and the ratio of poor people.
Copyright (c) 2023 Hade Satrianas Neowa, Dwiana Novianti Tufail
Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change Impacts in The Area of Sidenreng Lake, Sidenreng Rappang Regency
The research site is one of the high-risk flood district zones along with Panca Lautang, Tellu Limpoe, and Wattang Sidenreng District since it is adjacent to Sidenreng Lake. The issue allied to climate change at the research site is a real phenomenon in which high rainfall occurs, leading the lake water to overflow and the weather, which previously could be calculated by the community in various ways, is currently unpredictable. The clime vulnerability analysis was utilized at the outset of this study to figure out the level of climate vulnerability. Secondly, Spatial Analysis using ArcGIS Software with Overlay Method towards each flood parameter to address the level of high-risk flood at the site of the research. The third analysis used in this research was AHP-SWOT to formulate some alternative strategies to overcome flood disasters brought about by climate change in the area of Lake Sidenreng. The results of the study showed that the level of flood vulnerability was Very Vulnerable, with 130.94 km2, Vulnerable at 134.98 km2, Quite Vulnerable at 88.93 km2, Less Vulnerable at 22.97 km2, and Not Vulnerable at 3.03 km2 with the total amount of 380.85 km2. Subsequently, the analysis results of the climate vulnerability from 27 villages, 14 of which are at a very low level (Class I), 2 villages are at a low level (Class II), 4 villages are at a Medium level (Class III), and 1 village which is Wette Village is at a very high level (Class IV). According to alternative strategy on AHP-SWOT Analysis, it was found that the space matrix is at Quadrant III of the W-O Strategy namely 1) the development of human resources and public role to nourish environmental hygiene and increase the capacity of vulnerable groups by empowering society with several trainings to improve human resources and group capacity and promoting awareness among people who lived in those vulnerable areas to maintain environmental conditions, the formation of climate villages and the formation and development of disaster care communities to minimize the impact of flood disasters that occurred as a result of climate change; 2) Management of climate change risk by local government and stakeholders either structurally or physically (engineering the built environment, technological choices and environment-based services or institutional-based services (choices in law and regulation, economics, policies and programs of government) by involving potential experts; 3) development of flood susceptibility maps and climate change vulnerability risks that are integrated with disaster mitigation maps so that people figure out the areas which have a large impact on climate change disasters
Expansive Soil Swelling Test of Small Scale Laboratory Model on Sambungmacan Soil, Central Jawa
Soil is one of the most important elements in any civil engineering work, almost all construction activities are related to soil. One of the most common soil problems is expansive soil. This type of soil has a high potential to expand when compared to other types of soil. This research aims to find out how expansive the tested soil is and how it reacts when wetting. The test in this research is experimental, where the expansive soil test is modeled in a rectangular test box with a soil volume of 0.08 m3. The swelling and expansion pressures were measured using proving rings and dials, each totaling five units. The expansive soil used came from Sambungmacan Subdistrict, Sragen Regency, Central Java. The results of the property index test of Sambungmacan soil have a plasticity index percent value of 49.33% and a liquid limit (LL) of 90.16%. The test results showed that the maximum swelling reached 28.3% of the initial soil height of 200 mm and the maximum soil swelling pressure reached 103.23 kPa with a moisture content of 22.62%. The maximum pressure that occurs in each proving ring is at an average moisture content of 31.81%. The results of this study also show the effect of every 1% moisture content will produce a percent soil swelling of 0.40% to 1.08% and the average percentage of swelling pressure that occurs is in the range of 4.65 kPa to 10.26 kPa at every 1% swelling.
Comparative Performance Evaluation Results of Classification Algorithm in Data Mining to Identify Types of Glass Based on Refractive Index and It’s Elements
Data science is becoming familiar to the public and companies in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. One part of data science is data mining. Data mining is the process of collecting information to see patterns from very large datasets and data discovery which is processed in such a way as to become knowledge based on the interpretation of the information obtained. This paper aims to compare the performance evaluation results of several classification algorithms in data mining (such as DT C-45, Neural Network, KNN, LDA, Naïve Bayes, SVM, and Rule Induction) for identifying types of glass based on its elements and the refractive index. The dataset used is a glass identification dataset from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. The results of the evaluation can be seen from the criteria like Accuracy and Kappa using 10-fold-cross validation. As a result, the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm has the best Accuracy and Kappa values, namely 72.90% for Accuracy and 0.632 for Kappa values. To determine the significance of the accuracy value, the T-Test method is used.
Metoga GTAW Welding Joint Strength Study For Aisi 1045 Application Of Milling Tools
The welding process is a permanent connection process for metal materials using heat energy. The GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) welding method is carried out on AISI 1045 steel material with a solid round shape, which has the characteristics and properties of the material slightly above low carbon steel. The welding process was carried out based on AWS A5.18 standard specifications, in this study. by varying the welding amperage between 70, 90, and 110 amperes as well as the ER70S-G series electrodes.To check the results of the welding with the amperage variation, perform tensile testing with standard ASTM A-370 testing, hardness testing using the Vickers method with standard ASTM E-92 testing, microstructure inspection, and grain size calculations as a control for the results of the hardness test. The focus of testing and inspection is carried out in three influential areas, namely, areas of weld metal, HAZ (heat-affected zone), and base metal.The results of this study show that for 70 A welding amperage, the tensile test results in all samples breaking in the weld metal area. While welding amperage 90A broke two samples in the weld metal area, welding amperage 110A broke one sample in the weld metal area. For the results of the hardness test at 110 A amperes, the hardness ratio in the weld metal area to the HAZ area shows that the difference in hardness is not too large compared to the two amperes used, so a welding amperage of 110 A can be recommended. While the results of the microstructure examination in the weld metal area were dominated by pearliet and martensite with a little bainite, the hardness results in the weld metal area were harder compared to the HAZ area and base metal. Likewise, the results of grain size calculations using the Heyn method for regions with higher hardness make the grain sizes appear denser and smaller.
Copyright (c) 2023 Toto Triantoro B W, Waluyo M B