, Articles

The Effect of Changes in Land Cover and Vegetation Density on Urban Heat Island in Semarang City

Articles
Published 2023-09-24
Susiyowati Indah Ayuni
Institut Teknologi Bandung.
Arief Adhika Widyatama
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Nanda Mutiara Zani
Institut Teknologi Bandung
PDF

Keywords

Forecasting Analysis
Land Cover Change
Surface Temperature Distribution
Urban Heat Island
Vegetation Density.

Abstract

The urbanization process can be seen not only as influenced by increasing population growth but also the phenomenon of urbanization. The city of Semarang from 1999 to 2019 saw an increase of half a million people with a total population of around 1.81 million people. Along with population growth that occurs, land conversion to meet the needs of life often clashes with the presence of vegetated land. As a result, the area ofvegetated land slowly decreases. On the other hand, the massive build-up of this area makes it easier to reflect and absorb solar heat. As a result, the average surface temperature of the city gradually rises which causes the formation of hot spots that cause changes in climate and weather elements, thus triggering the formation of an Urban Heat Island (UHI). The increase in temperature in urban areas affects not only the comfort of cities but also the health of urban communities, which will impact various city line activities. This urban heat island study, related to changes in land use in Semarang, is urgently needed to make wiser spatial planning decisions. In line with the problems above, this study is aimed at analyzing the effect of changes in land cover and vegetation density on the area of Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Semarang City. The approach used is forecasting with multiple regression analysis methods. Sources of data used are secondary data and population data. The data used is time series data. Based on the statistical analysis results indicate that the variables of land cover and vegetation density have a significant influence on the distribution of surface temperature. The land cover component has a positive effect while the vegetation density component harms the surface temperature distribution area. The appearance of the trendline results in an increasing area of surface temperature distribution in 2030 with 3 scenarios, namely, pessimistic, moderate, and optimistic. The preparation of a planning scenario in which an optimistic scenario can be adopted by the government so that the area of high urban surface temperatures does not expand and have an impact on the level of community vulnerability to extreme weather.

PDF

References

Adiningsih, E. S., Soenarmo, S. H., & Mujiasih, S. (2001). Kajian Perubahan Distribusi Spasial Suhu Udara Akibat Perubahan Penutupan Lahan. Warta LAPAN, 3(1), 29–44.

Al Mukmin, S. A., Wijaya, A., & Sukmono, A. (2016). Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Terhadap Distribusi Suhu Permukaan Dan Keterkaitannya Dengan Fenomena Urban Heat Island. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 5(1), 224–233.

Andini, S., Prasetyo, Y., & Sukmono, A. (2018). Analisis Sebaran Vegetasi Dengan Citra Satelit Sentinel Menggunakan Metode Ndvi Dan Segmentasi. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 7(1), 14–24.

Baroroh, N., & Pangi, P. (2019). Perubahan Penutup Lahan Dan Kerapatan Vegetasi Terhadap Urban Heat Island Di Kota Surakarta. Seminar Nasional Geomatika, 3, 641. https://doi.org/10.24895/sng.2018.3-0.1022.

Belgaman, H. A., Lestari, S., & Lestiana, H. (2012). Studi Pulau Panas Perkotaan Dan Kaitannya Dengan Perubahan Parameter Iklim Suhu Dan Curah Hujan Menggunakan Citra Satelit Landsat Tm Studi Kasus Dki Jakarta Dan Sekitarnya. Jurnal Sains & Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca, 13(1), 19. https://doi.org/10.29122/jstmc.v13i1.2206.

Creswell, J.W. (2008). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. California: Sage Publications, Inc.

Darlina, S. P., Sasmito, B., & Yuwono, B. D. (2018). Analisis Fenomena Urban Heat Island Serta Mitigasinya (Studi Kasus: Kota Semarang). Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 7(3), 77-87.

Delarizka, A., & Sasmito, B. (2016). Analisis Fenomena Pulau Bahang (Urban Heat Island) Di Kota Semarang Berdasarkan Hubungan Antara Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Dengan Suhu Permukaan Menggunakan Citra Multi Temporal Landsat. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 5(4), 165-177.

Estoque, R. C., Murayama, Y., & Myint, S. W. (2017). Effects of landscape composition and pattern on land surface temperature: An urban heat island study in the megacities of Southeast Asia. Science of the Total Environment, 577, 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.195.

Guha, S., & Govil, H. (2021). An assessment on the relationship between land surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(2), 1944-1963.

Henry, O., & Elias, E. (2020). Effect of land use land cover changes on the rate of soil erosion in the Upper Eyiohia river catchment of Afikpo North Area , Nigeria Effect of land use land cover changes on the rate of soil erosion in the Upper Eyiohia river catchment of Afikpo North Area , Nigeria. Environmental Challenges, 1(December), 100002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2020.100002.

Khamchiangta, D., & Dhakal, S. (2020). Time series analysis of land use and land cover changes related to urban heat island intensity: Case of Bangkok Metropolitan Area in Thailand. Journal of Urban Management, (xxxx). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2020.09.001.

Lillesand, T., Kiefer, R. W., & Chipman, J. (2015). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 7th Edition. Mirzaei, P. A. (2015). Recent challenges in modeling of urban heat island. Sustainable Cities and Society, 19(May), 200–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.04.001.

Madhumathi, A., Subhashini, S., & VishnuPriya, J. (2018, March). The Urban Heat Island Effect its Causes and Mitigation with Reference to the Thermal Properties of Roof Coverings. In International Conference on Urban Sustainability: Emerging Trends, Themes, Concepts & Practices (ICUS).

Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age. New York: E-Publishing Inc; 1999. p. 281-304.

Mohajerani, A., Bakaric, J., & Jeffrey-Bailey, T. (2017). The urban heat island effect, its causes, and mitigation, with reference to the thermal properties of asphalt concrete. Journal of environmental management, 197, 522-538.

Mubarok, R., Septiarani, B., Yesiana, R., & Pangi, P. (2021). Pengaruh Tutupan Lahan terhadap Fenomena Urban Heat Island di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Riptek, 15(1), 56-63.

Nuruzzaman, M. (2015). Urban heat island: causes, effects and mitigation measures-a review. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(2), 67-73.

Pamungkas, B. A., Munibah, K., & Soma, S. (2019, December). Land use changes and relation to urban heat island (case study Semarang City, Central Java). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 399, No. 1, p. 012069). IOP Publishing.

Peijun, D. U., Xingli, L. I., Wen, C. A. O., Yan, L. U. O., & Zhang, H. (2010). Monitoring urban land cover and vegetation change by multi-temporal remote sensing information. Mining Science and Technology (China), 20(6), 922-932.

Pontoh, N., & Kustiawan, I. (2009). Pengantar Perencanaan Perkotaan. Bandung: ITB PRESS. Retrieved from https://www.itbpress.itb.ac.id/shop/pengantar-perencanaan-perkotaan/.

Purwanto, Utomo, D. H., & Kurniawan, B. R. (2016). Spatio Temporal Analysis Trend of Land Use and Land Cover Change Against Temperature Based on Remote Sensing Data in Malang City. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 227(November 2015), 232–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.06.066.

Rahaman, Z. A., Kafy, A. A., Saha, M., Rahim, A. A., Almulhim, A. I., Rahaman, S. N., ... & Al Rakib, A. (2022). Assessing the impacts of vegetation cover loss on surface temperature, urban heat island and carbon emission in Penang city, Malaysia. Building and Environment, 222, 109335.

Ramakreshnan, L., Aghamohammadi, N., Fong, C. S., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Wong, L. P., ... & Sulaiman, N. M. (2018). A critical review of Urban Heat Island phenomenon in the context of Greater Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sustainable Cities and Society, 39, 99-113.

Sasmito, B., & Suprayogi, A. (2017). Model Kekritisan Indeks Lingkungan Dengan Algoritma Urban Heat Island Di Kota Semarang. Majalah Ilmiah Globe, 19(1), 45-52.

Sejati, A. W., Buchori, I., & Rudiarto, I. (2019). The spatio-temporal trends of urban growth and surface urban heat islands over two decades in the Semarang Metropolitan Region. Sustainable Cities and Society, 46, 101432.

Sobirin, & Fatimah, R. N. (2015). Urban Heat Island Kota Surabaya. Geoedukasi, IV(2), 46–69. Retrieved from http://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/GeoEdukasi/article/view/529.

Solangi, G. S., Siyal, A. A., & Siyal, P. (2019). Spatiotemporal dynamics of land surface temperature and its impact on the vegetation. Civil Engineering Journal, 5(8), 1753-1763.

Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of style. 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan; 1979.

Sukristiyanti, S., & Marganingrum, D. (2008). Pendeteksian Kerapatan Vegetasi dan Suhu Permukaan Menggunakan Citra Landsat Studi Kasus : Jawa Barat Bagian Selatan dan Sekitarnya. Jurnal RISET Geologi Dan Pertambangan, 19(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.14203/risetgeotam2009.v19.19.

The World Bank. (2019). Urban Population (% of total population). Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?end=2019&start=1960&view=chart.

TOWNSHEND, J., & JUSTICE, C. (1981). Information extraction from remotely sensed data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2(4), 313–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431168108948367.

Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2000;163:51-9.

Vujovic, S., Haddad, B., Karaky, H., Sebaibi, N., & Boutouil, M. (2021). Urban heat island: Causes, consequences, and mitigation measures with emphasis on reflective and permeable pavements. CivilEng, 2(2), 459-484.

Wessels, K. J., Van Den Bergh, F., & Scholes, R. J. (2012). Limits to detectability of land degradation by trend analysis of vegetation index data. Remote sensing of Environment, 125, 10-22.

Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a Way of Life. The American Journal of Sociology, 44(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19031-7_8.

Yang, H., Munson, S. M., Huntingford, C., Carvalhais, N., Knapp, A. K., Li, X., ... & Chen, A. (2023). The detection and attribution of extreme reductions in vegetation growth across the global land surface. Global Change Biology.

Authors who publish in PENA TEKNIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Teknik agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.