Kata Kunci
Tourism Transportation
Palopo
PPP
Abstrak
The stipulation of the Palopo City Regional Tourism Development Master Plan 2021 – 2025 makes the Palopo City tourism sector quite optimistic after the beginning of the pandemic. Until 2030, Palopo City targets 250,000 domestic tourists and 1800 foreign tourists. The tourism potential of Palopo City, especially in urban areas is quite promising with the construction of a culinary center and souvenirs, public space activities, and the development of culinary businesses. These potentials must be supported by adequate facilities and infrastructure, including accessibility. Meanwhile, public transportation in Palopo City is considered inadequate and not integrated with each other. The concept of Palopo City Tourism offers the integration of tourism activities in the urban areas of the city of Palopo by providing integrated tourism transportation modes, equipped with supporting infrastructure such as bus stops. However, the implementation of the concept will be constrained by funding problems given the limited regional finances and the demand to prioritize sectors that are more strategic than tourism. This paper will see how the implementation of the PPP scheme in the tourism sector, especially in the transportation aspect, namely in the concept of Palopo City Tourism, both in development, operation and potential benefits. From the results of the analysis of movement patterns and the location of tourist objects, 3 optimal routes were chosen that could accommodate the movement of tourists, namely the southern route, western route and northern route. From the results of the analysis of infrastructure needs, it is necessary to develop infrastructure in the form of shelters and pedestrian paths and their accessories at tourist attraction points and several commercial areas. In addition, several PPP financing schemes are also proposed which are considered suitable for the City Tour Palopo concept, including Concessions and Affermage/Lease schemes, such as Service Contracts and Management Contracts, Design-Build-Finance-Operate/Maintain (DBFO, DBFM or DBFO). /M), Build-Own-Lease-Transfer (BOLT).Referensi
Africa, International Public Management Review, Vol. 12, Iss. 2, pp 38-54Roland Berger (2012), European Capital City Tourism, Roland Berger, Vienna, available at: www.rolandberger.com/media/pdf/Roland_Berger_European_Capital_City_Tourism_20120127.pdf (accessed 27 november 2021).
Akhmetshina E.R., G.T. Guzelbaeva, D.K. Rakhmatullina, 2017, Special Economic Zone as a Local Area of Public-Private Parthership Implementation, European Research Studies Journal Volume XX, Issue 2A, 2017, pp. 346 – 354
Brooks, G. (2016), “Culture, a driving force for city tourismâ€, Keynote at the 5th Global Summit on City Tourism, 1-2 November, Luxor.
Carbonara Nunzia, Nicola Costantino and Roberta Pellegrino, 2013, A Three-Layers Theoretical Framework For Analyzing Public Private Partnerships: The Italian Case, organization, technology and management in construction · an international journal · 6(2), pp 799-810
Cheuk, S., Liew-Tsonis, J., Ing, G.P. & Razli, I.A. (2010). An Establishment of the Role of Private And Public Sector Interest In The Context Of Tourism Transport Planning and Development: The Case of Malaysia. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 9(2), 59 -67.
Cheung, E., Chan, A. P., & Kajewski, S. L. (2009). Reasons for implementing public private partnership projects : perspectives from Hong Kong, Australian and British practitioners. Journal of Property Investment and Finance, 27(1). pp. 81-95.
Djabbari, M. H., Alwi, A., & Thamrin, S. H. (2021). Implementasi Public Private Partnership dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata di Kabupaten Toraja Utara. JAKPP (Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan & Pelayanan Publik), 1-13.
Estache Antonio, 2014, Public Private Partnerships and Efficiency: A Short Assessment, EPPP DP No. 2014-06 pp.1-12
ETOA (2014), Cities, Tourists and the Future of Europe’s Tourism, European Association of Tour Operators ETOA, London, available at: www.travelandtourworld.com/news/article/cities-tourists-future-europes-tourism/ (accessed 27 November 2021).
Franco, M. & Estevao, C. (2010). The role of tourism public-private partnerships in regional development: a conceptual model proposal. Cadernos Epape.BR, 8(4)
International City/County Management Association, (2017). Infrastructure Financing: A Guide for Local Government Managers. USA:
Iossa Elisabetta and David Martimort, 2009, The Simple Micro-Economics of Public- Private Partnerships,
Khakimova, S.D. & Fattakhova, A.R. (2016). Factors and conditions for development of domestic tourism. Journal of Economic and Economic Education Research, 17(1), 53-58.
Koens, K. and Postma, A. (2017), Understanding and Measuring Visitor Pressure in Urban Tourism. A Study Into the Nature and Methods Used to Manage Visitor Pressure in six Major European Cities, Centre of Expertise in Leisure, Tourism and Hospitality (CELTH), Breda and Leeuwarden and Vlissingen.
Kolupaev, A. A., Redkin, A. G., Voinova, N. E., Karabasheva, M. R., Rzayev, A. Y. O., & Makhanova, T. A. (2018). Main attributes of tourism transportation infrastructure formation. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(12), 1185-1197.
Liu Zhiyong and Hiraku Yamamoto, 2009, Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in China: Present Conditions, Trends, and Future Challenges, Interdisciplinary Information Sciences Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 223–230
Mardiasmo, S. 2002. Kepemerintahan dan Kemitraan. Malang : Agritek YPN Malang.
Maramis, J. B. (2018). Faktor Faktor Sukses Penerapan KPBU Sebagai Sumber Pembiayaan Infrastruktur: Suatu Kajian. JMBI UNSRAT (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis dan Inovasi Universitas Sam Ratulangi)., 5(1).
Mishra, S., Sinha, A., Sharif, A., & Suki, N. M. (2020). Dynamic linkages between tourism, transportation, growth and carbon emission in the USA: evidence from partial and multiple wavelet coherence. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(21), 2733-2755.
Muhm, W. (1998) Innovative Kooperationen für eine leistungsfähige Infrastruktur: eine Bewertung des Potentials von Public Private Partnership. Wien: Beirat für Wirtschaftsund Sozialfragen. Die Sozialpartner Austria.
Nawawi, H., (2003). Metode Penelitian Bidang Sosial. Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press.
Novolodskaya, G. I., Kramarova, T. Y., Lebedev, K. A. E., Ponkratova, L. A., & Chicherova, E. Y. (2018). Public-private partnership as innovative form of attraction of financial resources in sphere of tourism. Journal of Environmental Management & Tourism, 9(4 (28)), 714-720.
Nsasira Rachael, Benon C. Basheka & Pross. N. Oluka,2013, Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) and Enhanced Service Delivery in Uganda: Implications from the Energy Sector, International Journal of Business Administration Vol. 4, No. 3, PP. 48-60
Pascariu, G. C., & Ibănescu, B. C. (2018). Determinants and implications of the tourism multiplier effect in EU economies. Towards a core-periphery pattern?. Amfiteatru Economic, 20(12), 982-997.
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No 15 tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Angkutan Orang dengan Kendaraan Bermotor Umum dalam trayek
Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan No 10 tahun 2012 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Minimal Angkutan Massal berbasis Jalan
Qizilbash Anis, 2011, Public-Private Partnerships And The Value Of The Process: The Case Of Sub-Saharan
Qu Y and Loosemore M, 2013, A meta-analysis of opportunistic behaviour in public-private partnerships: manifestations and antecedents In: Smith, S.D and Ahiaga-Dagbui, D.D (Eds) Procs 29th Annual ARCOM Conference, 2-4 September 2013, Reading, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 415-424
Sharif, A., Afshan, S., Chrea, S., Amel, A., & Khan, S. A. R. (2020). The role of tourism, transportation and globalization in testing environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia: new insights from quantile ARDL approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(20), 25494-25509.
Shuifa, K., Chenguang, P., Jiahua, P., Yan, Z., & Ying, Z. (2011). The multiplier effect of the development of forest park tourism on employment creation in China. Journal of Employment Counseling, 48(3), 136-144.
Tshehla, M. F. (2018). Constraints for the successful implementation of public-private partnership (ppp) for tourism infrastructure projects. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure, 7(4), 1-10.
Terzibasoglu, E. (2016), “Summary/conclusionâ€, 5th Global Summit on City Tourism, 1-2 November, Luxor.
Transport and Tourism Division UNESCAP. (2009). Public-Private Partnerships in Infrastructure Development: A Premier. Thailand
UNWTO (2012), “Global report on city tourism – cities 2012 projectâ€, World Tourism Organisation, Madrid.
Wong, E.P.Y., de Lacy, T. & Jiang, M. (2012). Climate change adaptation in tourism in the South Pacific – Potential contribution of public-private partnerships. Tourism Management Perspectives, 4, 136-144.
Working Paper No. 09-03. Pp1-57IPK International (2016), “ITB world travel trends report 2015-6â€, Messe Berlin GmbH, Berlin.
Authors who publish in PENA TEKNIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-ilmu Teknik agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.